-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가
on top of that
Stacks a second point onto the first. Same job as -(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라, but light enough for conversation.
Build it
Pick a word
When to use it
The form follows the modifier system: verbs take -는 데다가, adjectives -(으)ㄴ 데다가, completed actions -(으)ㄴ 데다가. Stems in ㄹ drop it, and the 가 is optional.
Both halves must point the same way. Two good things, or two bad things — the second reinforces the first: 이 집은 싼 데다가 위치도 좋아요. A contradicting second clause needs -지만 instead.
The second clause normally carries 도, which completes the “and also” shape.
Note the spacing: 데 is a noun here, so it stands apart from the modifier — 싼 데다가, not 싼데다가. This also keeps it visually distinct from -는데, which is a single ending.
How to attach it
| Word type | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Adjective | -(으)ㄴ 데다가 | 싸다 → 싼 데다가 |
| Verb, present | -는 데다가 | 일하다 → 일하는 데다가 |
| Verb, completed | -(으)ㄴ 데다가 | 늦다 → 늦은 데다가 |
| Ends in ㄹ | ㄹ drops | 만들다 → 만드는 데다가 |
| Second clause takes | 도 | 위치도 좋아요 |
| Both halves | same direction | 싼 데다가 맛없어요 is wrong |
In use
이 집은 싼 데다가 위치도 좋아요.
This place is cheap, and the location’s good on top of that.
비가 오는 데다가 바람도 세게 불어요.
It’s raining, and the wind is strong as well.
늦게 일어난 데다가 버스도 놓쳤어요.
I got up late, and then missed the bus too.
그 사람은 일도 잘하는 데다가 성격도 좋아요.
He’s good at his job, and pleasant with it.
직접 만드는 데다가 재료도 좋아서 인기가 많아요.
They make it themselves and use good ingredients, so it’s popular.
몸도 안 좋은 데다 일까지 많아서 힘들어요.
I’m unwell, and on top of that there’s loads of work.
Compared with
-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
Same meaning, heavier register. 뿐만 아니라 belongs to writing and formal speech; -는 데다가 is what you say out loud.
싼 데다가 맛도 좋아요. (speech) / 쌀 뿐만 아니라 맛도 좋습니다. (writing)
-고
-고 simply lists; -는 데다가 says the second point piles onto the first and pushes in the same direction.
싸고 맛있어요. (cheap and tasty) / 싼 데다가 맛도 좋아요. (cheap, and tasty besides)
-(으)ㄴ/는데
Similar-looking but unrelated. -는데 is one ending that sets up background; -는 데다가 contains the noun 데 and takes a space.
싼데 맛있어요. (it’s cheap — and tasty) / 싼 데다가 맛있어요. (cheap, plus tasty)
Watch out
이 식당은 싼 데다가 맛이 없어요.
이 식당은 싸지만 맛이 없어요.
Both halves have to point the same way. A contradicting second clause needs -지만.
직접 만들는 데다가 재료도 좋아요.
직접 만드는 데다가 재료도 좋아요.
Stems ending in ㄹ drop it before -는, as everywhere in the modifier system.
이 집은 싼데다가 위치도 좋아요.
이 집은 싼 데다가 위치도 좋아요.
데 is a noun here and takes a space. Written joined it looks like the unrelated ending -는데.
Next
koreangrammarmap.com