TOPIK I · Level 1
TOPIK 1 grammar
Every point on this level, in the order most textbooks introduce them. Titles turn into links as each entry is written.
- 이/가subject marker
- 은/는topic marker
- 을/를object marker
- 에at, to (place/time)
- 에서from, at (where action happens)
- 에게 / 한테to (a person)
- 에게서 / 한테서from (a person)
- 와/과, 하고, (이)랑and, with
- 도also, too
- 만only
- 부터from (starting point)
- 까지until, as far as
- (으)로by, toward, using
- 의possessive marker
- 보다more than
- 처럼 / 같이like, as
- (이)나or; as many as
- 마다every, each
- 께서subject marker (honorific)
- 께to (honorific)
- -아요/어요polite present
- -ㅂ니다/습니다formal polite present
- -았/었-past tense
- -겠-will, I guess
- -(으)ㄹ 거예요will, be going to
- 안not (short negation)
- 못cannot (short negation)
- -지 않다do not, is not
- -지 못하다cannot, be unable to
- -고and (listing actions)
- -지만but, although
- -아서/어서because; and then
- -(으)니까because, since
- -(으)면if, when
- -(으)러in order to (with go/come)
- -(으)려고intending to
- -고 싶다want to
- -고 싶어 하다(someone else) wants to
- -고 있다be doing (progressive)
- -(으)세요please do (polite request)
- -지 마세요please do not
- -(으)ㅂ시다let us
- -(으)ㄹ까요?shall we? I wonder
- -(으)ㄹ게요I will (promise)
- -(으)ㄹ래요?would you like to?
- -아/어 주세요please do it for me
- -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다can, cannot
- -아/어도 되다may, be allowed to
- -(으)면 안 되다must not
- -아/어야 되다/하다must, have to
- -기 전에before doing
- -(으)ㄴ 후에after doing
- -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ + 명사noun-modifying forms
- -네요expressing realization
- -지요?right? isn’t it?
- -군요I see, so that is how it is
- -기nominalizing ending
- -는 것the act of doing
- -(이)라고 하다be called, be named
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