-(으)ㄴ 나머지
so much so that
An emotion or state ran to an extreme, and something followed from it. 나머지 means what is left over — here, the overflow of feeling that spilled into action.
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When to use it
Verbs take the past modifier -(으)ㄴ 나머지: 놀란 나머지, 긴장한 나머지. Adjectives take -(으)ㄴ 나머지 too: 기쁜 나머지. Stems in ㄹ drop it.
The first clause has to be extreme — an intense emotion or a state pushed to its limit. A mild feeling will not carry the construction: 조금 놀란 나머지 sounds wrong.
The result is usually something you would not otherwise have done, and often something regrettable: 긴장한 나머지 이름을 잊어버렸어요.
It belongs to writing and formal narration. In conversation, -아서 with 너무 does the same work: 너무 긴장해서 잊어버렸어요.
How to attach it
| Word type | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Verb | -(으)ㄴ 나머지 | 놀라다 → 놀란 나머지 |
| Adjective | -(으)ㄴ 나머지 | 기쁘다 → 기쁜 나머지 |
| 하다 verbs | -한 나머지 | 긴장한 나머지 |
| Ends in ㄹ | ㄹ drops | 힘들다 → 힘든 나머지 |
| First clause | must be extreme | 조금 놀란 나머지 is wrong |
| Spoken version | 너무 -아서 | 너무 놀라서 |
In use
너무 놀란 나머지 아무 말도 하지 못했다.
He was so startled that he couldn’t say a word.
긴장한 나머지 자기 이름을 잊어버렸어요.
She was so nervous that she forgot her own name.
기쁜 나머지 눈물이 났습니다.
I was so happy that I burst into tears.
화가 난 나머지 문을 세게 닫고 나갔다.
In his anger he slammed the door and left.
서두른 나머지 지갑을 놓고 왔어요.
I was in such a rush that I left my wallet behind.
일이 힘든 나머지 건강을 해쳤다.
The work was so hard that it damaged his health.
Compared with
-아서/어서
-아서 gives any cause; -(으)ㄴ 나머지 insists the cause was extreme and the effect excessive. It also sounds distinctly literary.
긴장해서 잊었어요. (speech) / 긴장한 나머지 잊어버렸다. (writing)
-(으)ㄹ 정도로
정도로 measures intensity by naming a threshold; 나머지 states that the intensity produced a consequence. The direction of the sentence differs.
말도 못 할 정도로 놀랐어요. (so startled) / 놀란 나머지 말도 못 했어요. (startled, and so)
-는 바람에
바람에 blames an outside event; 나머지 blames an internal state that got out of hand.
차가 막히는 바람에 늦었어요. (traffic) / 서두른 나머지 놓고 왔어요. (my own haste)
Watch out
조금 놀란 나머지 뒤를 돌아봤어요.
조금 놀라서 뒤를 돌아봤어요.
The construction needs an extreme state. A mild reaction takes plain -아서.
일이 힘들은 나머지 건강을 해쳤다.
일이 힘든 나머지 건강을 해쳤다.
Stems ending in ㄹ drop it before -(으)ㄴ, as in 힘든 일 and 만든 음식.
야, 나 놀란 나머지 소리 질렀어.
야, 나 너무 놀라서 소리 질렀어.
-(으)ㄴ 나머지 belongs to written and formal registers. In casual speech it sounds oddly grand.
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