TOPIK II · Level 5

-을/를 겸하여

serving also as, combining with

One occasion doing two jobs. The formal counterpart of -(으)ㄹ 겸, and the form used in invitations and announcements.

Build it

Pick a second purpose

    휴식+-을/를 겸하여

    nounparticle

    When to use it

    The particle follows the usual rule: consonant-final nouns take 을, vowel-final ones 를. The modifier form is -을/를 겸한, and 겸해서 is the lighter variant.

    It takes nouns only — usually nouns naming an activity or a role: 휴식, 축하, 회의, 시찰, 인사. A verb clause needs -(으)ㄹ 겸 instead.

    The two purposes belong to one occasion: 휴식을 겸하여 워크숍을 진행합니다.

    The register is formal and institutional. Invitations use it constantly — 신년 인사를 겸한 만찬, 창립 기념을 겸하여.

    How to attach it

    SituationFormExample
    Ends in a consonant을 겸하여휴식을 겸하여
    Ends in a vowel를 겸하여인사를 겸하여
    Before a noun-을/를 겸한인사를 겸한 만찬
    Lighter variant-을/를 겸해서휴식을 겸해서
    Nouns onlya verb clause takes -(으)ㄹ 겸쉴 겸 운동할 겸
    Between nounsnoun 겸 noun대표 감독

    In use

    1. 휴식을 겸하여 워크숍을 진행할 예정입니다.

      The workshop will double as a break.

    2. 신년 인사를 겸한 만찬에 초대합니다.

      You are invited to a dinner that will also serve as a New Year greeting.

    3. 시찰을 겸해서 현지 사무소를 방문했다.

      He visited the local office, partly on an inspection.

    4. 창립 기념을 겸하여 특별 전시를 엽니다.

      A special exhibition will be held, marking the anniversary as well.

    5. 시연을 겸한 자리에서 직접 만드는 과정을 보여 드렸다.

      At an occasion that doubled as a demonstration, we showed how it is made.

    6. 그는 대표 겸 감독을 맡고 있습니다.

      He serves as both chief executive and director.

    Compared with

    • -(으)ㄹ 겸

      Same idea, different attachment. -(으)ㄹ 겸 takes a verb and is conversational; -을/를 겸하여 takes a noun and marks a formal occasion.

      쉴 겸 나갔어요. (speech)  /  휴식을 겸하여 진행합니다. (announcement)

    • -을/를 위시하여

      Similar shape, different job. 위시하여 puts one member at the head of a list; 겸하여 combines two purposes in one event.

      회장을 위시하여 (headed by)  /  휴식을 겸하여 (doubling as)

    • Noun 겸 noun

      Between two nouns it joins two roles in one thing or person: 대표 겸 감독, 아침 겸 점심, 서재 겸 침실.

      대표 겸 감독  /  아침 겸 점심

    Watch out

    • 쉬는 것을 겸하여 나갔어요.

      쉴 겸 나갔어요.

      겸하여 takes a plain noun. For a verb, the form is -(으)ㄹ 겸.

    • 신년 인사를 겸하여 만찬에 초대합니다. — before a noun

      신년 인사를 겸한 만찬에 초대합니다.

      Modifying a following noun requires 겸한, not 겸하여.

    • 야, 밥 먹는 것 겸해서 얘기하자.

      야, 밥도 먹을 겸 얘기하자.

      겸하여 is announcement language. In conversation, -(으)ㄹ 겸 is the natural form.

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